Anadi rice growing near its maturity; Source: Baluwaphanta, Kailali

Rice landraces of Nepal: A reflection of past

Last updated on 2020-05-26 8 min read agriculture

Background

This is really a brash article meant to convey exactly what title hints at. Much of the contents are translated/transliterated from “Rice Science and Technology in Nepal: A historical, socio-cultural and technical compendium”, which was published in 2017. As of now, primary authors are left uncredited, but as entries become widely accepted, original writers and publishers will be duely recognized.

The list of all rice landraces, disclosed and recognized so far, include those enlisted in the Table 1.

Table 1: Rice landraces of Nepal
Domain	Cultivar	Characteristics	Districts	X5
Eastern Hill	Atte	High milling percentage, fine grain, slow digested	Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha, Khotang, Dhankuta
Eastern Hill	Belgutte	Very fine grain, fine texture, tall straw	Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha, Khotang, Dhankuta
Eastern Hill	Mansara	Red hull, short straw, less sensitive to fertilizer status, less water requiring	Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha, Khotang, Dhankuta
Eastern Hill	Local basmati	Long grain, aromatic	Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha, Khotang, Dhankuta
Eastern Hill	Halpudo		Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha, Khotang, Dhankuta
Eastern Hill	Chirakhe		Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha, Khotang, Dhankuta
Eastern Hill	Kalo Jhinuwa		Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha, Khotang, Dhankuta
Eastern Hill	Chulthe		Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha, Khotang, Dhankuta
Eastern Hill	Thapachini		Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha, Khotang, Dhankuta
Eastern Hill	Kalo marsi		Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha, Khotang, Dhankuta
Eastern Hill	Laure		Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha, Khotang, Dhankuta
Eastern Hill	Chyure	Generates good quality beaten rice	Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha, Khotang, Dhankuta
Eastern Hill	Anapasi	Very tasty	Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha, Khotang, Dhankuta
Eastern Hill	Anadi		Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha, Khotang, Dhankuta
Eastern Hill	Setharo		Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha, Khotang, Dhankuta
Eastern Hill	Yakule		Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha, Khotang, Dhankuta
Eastern Hill	Bhotange		Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha, Khotang, Dhankuta
Eastern Hill	Kartike nyauli		Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha, Khotang, Dhankuta
Eastern Hill	Bhangero	Early maturing	Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha, Khotang, Dhankuta
Eastern Hill	Malidhan		Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha, Khotang, Dhankuta
Eastern Hill	Jamdar masino		Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha, Khotang, Dhankuta
Eastern Hill	Takmaru	High altitude fine grain rice	Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha, Khotang, Dhankuta
Eastern Hill	Bhote marsi		Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha, Khotang, Dhankuta
Central Terai	Kariya kamar	Tall stature, black colored panicle, fine and thin grain, aromatic	Saptari, Siraha, Dhanusha, Mahottari	Main season
Central Terai	Tulasiful	Tall stature, white colored panicle, fine and thin grain, aromatic	Saptari, Siraha, Dhanusha, Mahottari	Main season
Central Terai	Lalkha basmati	Tall stature, red colored panicle, fine, long and thin grains, aromatic	Saptari, Siraha, Dhanusha, Mahottari	Main season
Central Terai	Ujra basmati	Tall stature, white colored panicle, long and thin grains, white rice, aromatic	Saptari, Siraha, Dhanusha, Mahottari	Main season
Central Terai	Mansari	Tall stature, white colored panicle, long and thin grains, white rice, aromatic	Saptari, Siraha, Dhanusha, Mahottari	Main season
Central Terai	Kalamkathi, Kalamkhor	Tall stature, white colored panicle, long and thin grains, white rice, tasty	Saptari, Siraha, Dhanusha, Mahottari	Main season
Central Terai	Jasawa	Tall stature, white colored panicle, long and thin grains, white rice, tasty	Saptari, Siraha, Dhanusha, Mahottari	Main season
Central Terai	Chabis number	Tall stature, white colored panicle, long and medium size grain, white rice	Saptari, Siraha, Dhanusha, Mahottari	Main season
Central Terai	Dhusari	Tall stature, white colored panicle, large, white rice, not very tasty	Saptari, Siraha, Dhanusha, Mahottari	Main season
Central Terai	Dhumakheraha	Tall stature, white colored panicle, large grains, awned, white rice, not very tasty	Saptari, Siraha, Dhanusha, Mahottari	Main season
Central Terai	Bhadari	Short stature, profuse tillering, white colored, fine, long grain, white rice, tasty	Saptari, Siraha, Dhanusha, Mahottari	Early season/Chaite
Central Terai	Rangawa auws, Ujara auws	Medium to tall stature, profuse tillering, red colored panicle, thin and medium sized grain, white rice, tasty, non-aromatic but similar to Basmati	Saptari, Siraha, Dhanusha, Mahottari	Early season/Chaite
Central Terai	Gamhari	Short stature, profuse tillering, flowering initiates while still inside the boot, black colored grains, white rice, tasty	Saptari, Siraha, Dhanusha, Mahottari	Early season/Chaite
Central Terai	Jiri	Medium to tall stature, profuse tillering, white colored panicle, medium to large grain size, white rice, not very tasty	Saptari, Siraha, Dhanusha, Mahottari	Early season/Chaite
Western Hill	Ekle		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Biramful		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Sano panhele, Thulo panhele	Hailstorm resistant	Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Kodo gudura, Bhainse gudura, Lahare gudura		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Thulo gudura	Early maturing	Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Seto gudura	Tasty	Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Balewaley gudura, Archaur gudura		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Jethobudho		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Gauriya	Aromatic	Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Kalnathre		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Jarneli		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Ramni	Black and rough texture	Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Seto anadi, Rato anadi	Medicinal use	Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Pokhreli		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Ramsali		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Ratjado		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Mansara	Red colored	Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Ratey	Red colored and large size	Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Krishnabhog	Black and aromatic	Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Jhinuwa	Black and aromatic	Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Aaga	Performs well in unirrigated fields, black colored	Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Golkote		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Marsi		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Sidali		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Jarpani		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Seto mansara		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Bange		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Pakhe jarneli		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Thapachini	Performs well in unirrigated fields	Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Manamuri		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Dudhraj		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Kanjira		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Battisara		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Aanjhutte		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Kaude		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Resali		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Gurju		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Mallaji		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Gola		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Takmare	Early maturing	Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Bhakunde	Short stature	Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Rause	High altitude rice	Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Silange	High altitude rice	Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Tairinge	Red colored	Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Falame	High altitude rice	Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Kathe	High altitude rice	Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Rabijado		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Galkote		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Dhampuse		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Khajura		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Jadan		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Gharkhole		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Bhattey		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Ramani		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Junjado		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Dudhpate		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Western Hill	Takmarey		Parbat, Baglung, Myagdi
Eastern Hill	Faudel		Illam
Eastern Hill	Barse jamara		Illam
Eastern Hill	Chari nange		Illam
Eastern Hill	Bhangerey	High altitude rice	Illam
Eastern Hill	Chirakhe purano, Atte	High altitude rice	Illam
Eastern Hill	Ram tulasi, Gaire		Illam
Eastern Hill	Oirange		Illam
Eastern Hill	Fatase		Illam
Eastern Hill	Belgutthe		Illam
Eastern Hill	Naniya, Kalo naniya		Illam
Eastern Hill	Bayerni, Rato bayerni		Illam
Eastern Hill	Dudhe		Illam
Eastern Hill	Laduwa		Illam
Eastern Hill	Champasari		Illam
Eastern Hill	Haluwa		Illam
Eastern Hill	Ghaiya		Illam
Eastern Hill	Damauli		Illam
Eastern Hill	Ruduwa		Illam
Eastern Hill	Timbur		Illam
Central Hill	Borang dhan	High altitude rice, both upland and lowland suited	Rasuwa
Central Hill	Patala dhan	High altitude rice, relatively early maturing, lowland suited	Rasuwa
Central Hill	Mansara	Fine and soft texture rice	Sindhupalchowk
Central HIll	Sobhara	Fine grain, yellow colored rice	Sindhupalchowk
Central Hill	Rato mansara	Round and large grain size, sweet in taste but coarse when cooked, suited even in drylands	Sindhupalchowk
Central Hill	Aanga	Black colored, globular large grain, medicinal rice, suited even in dryland	Sindhupalchowk
Central Hill	Namlange marsi	High altitude rice, with erect and profuse leaves, large grain size, easily threshed, soft and sweet when cooked	Sindhupalchowk
Central Hill	Kathe sobhara	High altitude rice, large grain size, tasty when cooked, long duration maturing period	Sindhupalchowk
Central Hill	Nagbeli		Sindhupalchowk
Central Hill	Krishnabeley		Sindhupalchowk
Central Hill	Jhuppey marsi	Fine grain rice	Sindhupalchowk
Central Hill	Jhinuwa	Fine grain rice	Sindhupalchowk
Western Hill	Hansharaj	Long grain, white rice, slightly aromatic, medium sticky, low milling, soft texture	Gulmi
Western Hill	Jarneli	Long grain, white rice, slightly aromatic, medium sticky, low milling, soft texture	Gulmi
Western Hill	Basmati masino	Round grain, white rice, highly aromatic, non sticky, high milling percentage, medium cooking texture	Gulmi
Western Hill	Anadi	Round grain, white rice, non aromatic, sticky rice, medium milling percentage, soft cooking texture, medicinal use	Gulmi
Western Hill	Kharse	Round grain, white rice, non aromatic, non sticky, medium milling	Gulmi
Western Hill	Dhalwai	Round grain, white rice, non aromatic, non sticky, medium milling, long duration maturing	Gulmi
Western Terai	Anagi		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Anadi		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Basmati		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Bagari		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Chainafore		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Didiya		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Dhaniya dhan		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Ganjoganj		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Karangi		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Kalanamak		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Kanakjira		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Kalakanda		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Foolabirancha		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Padani		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Jasho		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Lohati		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Makarkaddu		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Gaurisafed		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Gauriyal		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Mansara		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Tulasiram		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Rambhog		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Saraya		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Saket		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Satha		Kapilvastu
Western Terai	Latara		Kapilvastu
Mid-western Hill	Gopal		Rolpa
Mid-western Hill	Jaran marsi		Rolpa
Mid-western Hill	Anadi		Rolpa
Mid-western Hill	Simtaro		Rolpa
Mid-western Hill	Rokchali		Rolpa
Mid-western Hill	Chainafor, Jumli		Rolpa
Far-western Terai	Sauthyari	Red colored, similar to Taichun, red colored rice, slow digested, suited both upland and lowland fields	Kailali
Far-western Terai	Guguwa	Tall stature, high water requiring	Kailali
Far-western Terai	Tilki	Aromatic, soft and fine textured rice	Kailali
Far-western Terai	Anjana	Short stature, heavy grains, less water requiring, high yielding	Kailali
Far-western Terai	Aired	Early maturing, short stature, similar to Sarjoo-52	Kailali
Mid-western Terai	Makarkaddu		Bardiya

agriculture

Rice landraces of Nepal: A reflection of past

Background

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